Increased excretion of Indolyl-3-acryloylglycine (IAG) |
|
IAGThis is a compound that is derived, in the same way as many other indole compounds, from tryptophan or indole compounds in the diet as it is impossible for the body to make these basics. Unfortunately it is unclear as to exactly how it is produced and where this is taking place. We must not forget that indole compounds are produced in the gut and would be expected to be excreted following modification. We are finding IAG in the urine but the source within the body is unclear. History: It was considered a potentially useful test for autism for
sometime following the work by the group in As such, at this point we cannot state that it is a
useful test unless further research is done to associate its finding with
other factors involved in autism. |
(structure of
IAG) |
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Indolyl-3-acryloylglycine in urine: a urinary
ASD marker?
Bull G, Shattock P, Whiteley P, Anderson R, Groundwater PW, Lough JW, Lees G. Indolyl-3-acryloylglycine (IAG) is a putative diagnostic urinary marker for autism spectrum disorders. Med Sci Monit. 2003 Oct;9(10):CR422-5. (this group has done the most work on the subject and is certain that it is pretty good…but there is a cross over between normal controls and ASDs..and also other mental conditions have raised IAG levels)
Wright B, Brzozowski AM, Calvert E, Farnworth H, Goodall DM, Holbrook I, Imrie G, Jordan J, Kelly A, Miles J, Smith R, Town J. Is the presence of urinary indolyl-3-acryloylglycine associated with autism spectrum disorder? Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005 Mar;47(3):190-2. IAG was found at similar levels in the urine of all children, whether IAG concentrations or IAG:creatinine ratios were compared. There was no significant difference between the ASD and the comparison group, and no difference between children at mainstream schools and those at special schools….but by this time many of the autistic kids were on casein-gluten diets. I did not get the impression that this group were specifically out to do down Shattock, who had spent many years working on this subject.
Anderson
RJ, Bendell DJ, Garnett I, Groundwater PW, Lough WJ, Mills MJ, Savery D,
Shattock PE. Identification
of indolyl-3-acryloylglycine in the urine of people with autism. J Pharm
Pharmacol. 2002 Feb;54(2):295-8
Mills MJ, Savery D, Shattock PE. Rapid analysis of low levels of indolyl-3-acryloylglycine in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Aug 7;712(1-2):51-8.
Wang L, Angley MT, Gerber JP, Young RL, Abarno DV, McKinnon RA, Sorich MJ. Biomarkers. 2009
Aug 21. Is urinary
indolyl-3-acryloylglycine a biomarker for autism with gastrointestinal
symptoms? Urinary IAG, however, was not statistically significantly
higher in children with ASD, compared with siblings or unrelated controls
without ASD
Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and whole blood
serotonin and tryptophan in autistic and normal subjects. Minderaa RB, Anderson GM, Volkmar FR,
Akkerhuis GW, Cohen DJ. Biol Psychiatry. 1987 Aug;22(8):933-40. Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
excretion in two consecutive collection periods (5:00 PM-11:00 PM and 11:00
PM-8:00 AM) and whole blood serotonin (5-HT) and tryptophan (TRP) were measured
in groups of unmedicated autistics (n = 16), medicated autistics (n = 20), and
normal controls (n = 27). Whole blood 5-HT values were significantly higher in
unmedicated autistics compared to normal controls. No significant differences
were found in 5-HIAA excretion (microgram/mg creatinine, mean +/- SD) between
unmedicated autistics (4.07 +/- 1.52) and normal controls (3.50 +/- 1.07), or
between medicated (5.35 +/- 2.93) and drug-free autistic individuals. No
correlations were found between 5-HT values and urinary 5-HIAA excretion.
This may have
little to do with IAG but it shows that indole acetic products are make in the
body as excretions of certain compounds.
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